Chapter 18 · Verse 25
Reference BG18.25
अनुबन्धं क्षयं हिंसामनपेक्ष्य च पौरुषम् | मोहादारभ्यते कर्म यत्तत्तामसमुच्यते ||१८-२५||
anubandhaṃ kṣayaṃ hiṃsāmanapekṣya ca pauruṣam . mohādārabhyate karma yattattāmasamucyate ||18-25||
That action which is undertaken from delusion, without a regard for the conseences, loss, injury and (one's own) ability that is declared to be Tamasic (dark).
।।18.25।। जो कर्म परिणाम, हानि, हिंसा और सार्मथ्य (पौरुषम्) का विचार न करके केवल मोहवश आरम्भ किया जाता है, वह कर्म तामस कहलाता है।।
Translations & commentaries
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A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
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A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
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That action performed in illusion, in disregard of scriptural injunctions, and without concern for future bondage or for violence or distress caused to others is said to be in the mode of ignorance.
Dr.S.Sankaranarayan
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Dr.S.Sankaranarayan
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The object which is gained, due to ignorance, without considering the result, the loss, the injury to others and the strength [of one's own]-that is declared to be of the Tamas (Strand).
Shri Purohit Swami
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Shri Purohit Swami
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An action undertaken through delusion, and with no regard to the spiritual issues involved, or the real capacity of the doer, or to the injury which may follow, such an act may be assumed to be the product of Ignorance.
Sri Abhinav Gupta
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Sri Abhinav Gupta
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-25 Niyatam etc. : upto Tamasam ucyate. With determination : i.e., it is a thing to be acired. Abundant in offlictions : spread through by nescience etc. Due to ignorance : i.e. due to that which is born of addiction.
Sri Ramanuja
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Sri Ramanuja
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'Anubandha' or conseence is here the pain which follows when a work is performed. 'Loss' means loss of wealth involved in doing that act. 'Injury' is the pain caused to living beings when the work is carried out. 'Capacity' is the ability of completing the act. Whenever an act is begun without consideration of these and from delusion, viz., due to ignoring the agency of the Supreme Person - that act is said to be Tamasika.
Sri Shankaracharya
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Sri Shankaracharya
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Tat, that; karma, action; yat, which; is arabhyate, undertaken; mohat, out of delusion, non-discrimination; anapeksya, without consideration of; its anubandham, conseence, the result which accrues later; ksayam, loss-that losss which is incurred in the form of loss of energy or loss of wealth in the course of any action; himsam, harm, suffering to creatures; and paurusam, ability, prowess-one's own ability fest as, 'I shall be able to complete this task';-without consideration of these, from 'conseence' to 'ability', ucyate, is said to be; tamasam, born of tamas.
Swami Adidevananda
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Swami Adidevananda
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That act is said to be Tamasika which is undertaken through delusion, without regard to conseences, loss, injury and one's own capacity.
Swami Gambirananda
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Swami Gambirananda
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That action is said to be born of tamas which is undertaken out of delusion, (and) without consideration of its conseence, loss, harm and ability.
Swami Sivananda
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Swami Sivananda
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That action which is undertaken from delusion, without a regard for the conseences, loss, injury and (one's own) ability that is declared to be Tamasic (dark).
A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
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A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
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One has to give account of one’s actions to the state or to the agents of the Supreme Lord called the Yamadūtas. Irresponsible work is destructive because it destroys the regulative principles of scriptural injunction. It is often based on violence and is distressing to other living entities. Such irresponsible work is carried out in the light of one’s personal experience. This is called illusion. And all such illusory work is a product of the mode of ignorance.
Swami Sivananda
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Swami Sivananda
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अनुबन्धम् conseence? क्षयम् loss? हिंसाम् injury? अनपेक्ष्य without regard? च and? पौरुषम् (ones own) ability? मोहात् from delusion? आरभ्यते is undertaken? कर्म action? यत् which? तत् that? तामसम् Tamasic (dark)? उच्यते is said.Commentary Tamasic acts cause harm to others. A Tamasic man reflects not at all whether he has the capacity to perform these useless actions? but continues to act blindly. With utter thoughtlessness he sets aside any reflection as to the difficulty of performing the action and what the result of it would be. He carries it on in his own egoistical manner. He does not discriminate between the good and the bad? or what is ones own and what belongs to another.Kshayam Loss of power and of wealth? resulting from the performance of an action.Himsa Injury to living beings.Paurusham Ones own ability or capacity to complete the work.Now listen to the characteristics that pertain to the pure agent. The Lord proceeds to deal with the distinction among the agents.
Sri Shankaracharya
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Sri Shankaracharya
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।।18.25।।अनुबन्धको -- अन्तमें होनेवाला जो परिणाम है उसे अनुबन्ध कहते हैं? उसको? क्षयकोकर्मके करनेमें जो शक्तिका या धनका क्षय होता है उसको? हिंसाकोप्राणियोंकी पीड़ाको और पौरुषको -- अमुक कर्मको मैं समाप्त कर सकता हूँ ऐसी अपनी सामर्थ्यको? इस प्रकार अनुबन्धसे लेकर पौरुषतकके इन समस्त भावोंकी अपेक्षा न करके -- इनकी परवा न करके? जो धर्म मोहसे -- अज्ञानसे आरम्भ किया जाता है? वह तामस -- तमोगुणपूर्वक किया हुआ कहा जाता है।
Swami Ramsukhdas
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Swami Ramsukhdas
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।।18.25।।जो कर्म परिणाम, हानि, हिंसा और सामर्थ्यको न देखकर मोहपूर्वक आरम्भ किया जाता है, वह तामस कहा जाता है।
Swami Tejomayananda
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Swami Tejomayananda
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।।18.25।। जो कर्म परिणाम, हानि, हिंसा और सार्मथ्य (पौरुषम्) का विचार न करके केवल मोहवश आरम्भ किया जाता है, वह कर्म तामस कहलाता है।।
Swami Chinmayananda
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Swami Chinmayananda
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।।18.25।। तमोगुणी पुरुष कर्म प्रारम्भ करने के पूर्व इस बात का विचार ही नहीं करता कि उस कर्म का परिणाम (अनुबन्ध) क्या होगा तथा उसके करने में कितनी शारीरिक? आर्थिक आदि शक्तियों का क्षय अर्थात् ह्रास होगा। उसे इस बात की भी कोई चिन्ता नहीं होती कि उसके कर्म के कारण कितनी हिंसा हो रही है अथवा लोगों को कष्ट हो रहा है। ऐसे प्रमादी और उत्तरदायित्वहीन लोगों के कर्म मोहवश अर्थात् किसी भ्रान्त धारणा और हीन उद्देश्य से प्रेरित होते हैं। उदाहरणार्थ? मद्यपान? दुसाहसपूर्ण द्यूत? भ्रष्टाचार आदि ये सब तामस कर्म हैं। ऐसे कर्मों के कर्ता केवल क्षणभर के वैषयिक सुख की संवेदना ही चाहते हैं।राजस कर्म के निराशा और दुखरूप फल को प्राप्त होने में कुछ काल की आवश्यकता होती है? परन्तु तामस कर्म का दुखरूप फल तत्काल ही प्राप्त होता है। जबकि सात्त्विक कर्म का फल सदैव आनन्द ही होता है।आगामी श्लोकों में? भगवान् श्रीकृष्ण तीन प्रकार के कर्ताओं का वर्णन करते हैं
Swami Ramsukhdas
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Swami Ramsukhdas
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।।18.25।। व्याख्या -- अनुबन्धम् -- जिसको फलकी कामना होती है? वह मनुष्य तो फलप्राप्तिके लिये विचारपूर्वक कर्म करता है? परन्तु तामस मनुष्यमें मूढ़ताकी प्रधानता होनेसे वह कर्म करनेमें विचार करता ही नहीं। इस कार्यको करनेसे मेरा तथा दूसरे प्राणियोंका अभी और परिणाममें कितना नुकसान होगा? कितना अहित होगा -- इस अनुबन्ध अर्थात् परिणामको न देखकर वह कार्य आरम्भ कर देता है।क्षयम् -- इस कार्यको करनेसे अपने और दूसरोंके शरीरोंकी कितनी हानि होगी धन और समयका कितना खर्चा होगा इससे दुनियामें मेरा कितना अपमान? निन्दा? तिरस्कार आदि होगा? मेरा लोकपरलोक बिगड़ जायगा आदि नुकसानको न देखकर ही वह कार्य आरम्भ कर देता है।हिंसाम् -- इस कर्मसे कितने जीवोंकी हत्या होगी कितने श्रेष्ठ व्यक्तियोंके सिद्धान्तों और मान्यताओंकी हत्या हो जायगी दूसरे मनुष्योंकी मनुष्यताकी कितनी भारी हिंसा हो जायगी अभीके और भावी जीवोंके शुद्ध भाव? आचरण? वेशभूषा? खानपान आदिकी कितनी भारी हिंसा हो जायगी इससे मेरा और दुनियाका कितना अधःपतन होगा आदि हिंसाको न देखकर ही वह कार्य आरम्भ कर देता है।अनवेक्ष्य च पौरुषम् -- इस कामको करनेकी मेरेमें कितनी योग्यता है? कितना बल? सामर्थ्य है मेरे पास कितना समय है? कितनी बुद्धि है? कितनी कला है? कितना ज्ञान है आदि अपने पौरुष(पुरुषार्थ) को न,देखकर ही वह कार्य आरम्भ कर देता है।मोहादारभ्यते कर्म यत्तत्तामसमुच्यते -- तामस मनुष्य कर्म करते समय उसके परिणाम? उससे होनेवाले नुकसान? हिंसा और अपनी सामर्थ्यका कुछ भी विचार न करके? जब जैसा मनमें भाव आया? उसी समय बिना विवेकविचारके वैसा ही कर बैठता है। इस प्रकार किया गया कर्म तामस कहलाता है। सम्बन्ध -- अब भगवान् सात्त्विक कर्ताके लक्षण बताते हैं।
Sri Abhinav Gupta
Sanskrit Commentary
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Sri Abhinav Gupta
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।।18.23 -- 18.25।।नियतमित्यादि तामसमुच्यते इत्यन्तम्। नियतम् -- कर्तव्यमिति। क्लेशैः अविद्याद्यैः बहुलं ( S बहुलैः ) व्याप्तम्। मोहात् अभिनिवेशमयात्।
Sri Anandgiri
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Sri Anandgiri
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।।18.25।।संप्रति तामसं कर्मोदाहरति -- अनुबन्धमित्यादिना।
Sri Dhanpati
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Sri Dhanpati
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।।18.25।।राजसं कर्मोदाहृत्य कर्मोदाहृत्य तामसं तदाह -- अनुबन्धमिति। अनुबध्यत इत्यनुबन्धः पश्चाद्भाविस्तु तं क्षयं शक्त्यर्थादेर्नाशं हिंसां प्राणिपीडां च पौरुषं पुरुषकारमारब्धसमाप्तिसामर्थ्यमित्येतान्यनुबन्धादीन्यनवेक्ष्यापर्यालोच्य मोहादविवेकाद्यत्कर्म प्रारभ्यते तत्तामसमुदाहृतम्।
Sri Jayatritha
Sanskrit Commentary
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Sri Jayatritha
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।।18.25।।Sri Jayatirtha did not comment on this sloka.
Sri Madhavacharya
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Sri Madhavacharya
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।।18.25।।Sri Madhvacharya did not comment on this sloka.,
Sri Madhusudan Saraswati
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Sri Madhusudan Saraswati
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।।18.25।।अनुबन्धेनेति। अनुबन्धं पश्चाद्भाव्यशुभं? क्षयं शरीरसामर्थ्यस्य धनस्य सेनायाश्च नाशम्? हिंसां प्राणिपीडाम्? पौरुषमात्मसामर्थ्यं चानवेक्ष्यापर्यालोच्य मोहात्केवलाविवेकादेवारभ्यते यत्कर्म यथा दुर्योधनेन युद्धं तत्तामसमुच्यते।
Sri Neelkanth
Sanskrit Commentary
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Sri Neelkanth
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।।18.25।।अनुबध्यतेऽनेनेत्यनुबन्धः फलम्। क्षयं शक्तेरर्थानां च नाशम्। हिंसां परपीडाम्। पौरुषं स्वसामर्थ्यम्। अनवेक्ष्यानालोच्य केवलमोहादविवेकतो यदारभ्यते कर्म तत्तामसमुदाहृतम्।
Sri Purushottamji
Sanskrit Commentary
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Sri Purushottamji
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।।18.25।।तामसं कर्माऽऽह -- अनुबन्धमिति। अनुबन्धम्? अनु कर्मकरणानन्तरं बन्धस्तज्जनितशुभाशुभफलरूपत्वं? क्षयं व्यर्थदेहात्मकमोक्षसाधनव्ययं? हिंसामात्मनः संसारपातनरूपां? पौरुषं पुरुषार्थमोक्षं चकारेण धर्ममपि अनवेक्ष्य अपर्यालोच्य मोहात् स्वसुखभोगभ्रमात् कर्म तामसं विपरीतफलात्मकमुदाहृतम्।
Sri Ramanuja
Sanskrit Commentary
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Sri Ramanuja
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।।18.25।।कृते कर्मणि अनुबद्ध्यमानं दुःखम् अनुबन्धः? क्षयः कर्मणि क्रियमाणे अर्थविनाशः? हिंसा तत्र प्राणिपीडा? पौरुषम् आत्मनः कर्मसमापनसामर्थ्यम्? एतानि अनवेक्ष्य अविमृश्य मोहात् परमपुरुषकर्तृत्वाज्ञानाद् यत् कर्म आरभ्यते क्रियते? तत् तामसम् उच्यते।
Sri Shankaracharya
Sanskrit Commentary
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Sri Shankaracharya
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।।18.25।। --,अनुबन्धं पश्चाद्भावि यत् वस्तु सः अनुबन्धः उच्यते तं च अनुबन्धम्? क्षयं यस्मिन् कर्मणि क्रियमाणे शक्तिक्षयः अर्थक्षयो वा स्यात् तं क्षयम्? हिंसां प्राणिबाधां च अनपेक्ष्य च पौरुषं पुरुषकारम् शक्नोमि इदं कर्म समापयितुम् इत्येवम् आत्मसामर्थ्यम्? इत्येतानि अनुबन्धादीनि अनपेक्ष्य पौरुषान्तानि मोहात् अविवेकतः आरभ्यते कर्म यत्? तत् तामसं तमोनिर्वृत्तम् उच्यते।।इदानीं कर्तृभेदः उच्यते --,
Sri Sridhara Swami
Sanskrit Commentary
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Sri Sridhara Swami
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।।18.25।।तामसं कर्माह -- अनुबन्धमिति। अनुबध्यत इत्यनुबन्धः पश्चाद्भाविशुभाशुभम्? क्षयं वित्तव्ययं? हिंसां परपीडां च? पौरुषं स्वसामर्थ्यं वा? अनवेक्ष्य अपर्यालोच्य केवलं मोहादेव यत्कर्मारभ्यते तत्तामसमुच्यते।
Sri Vallabhacharya
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Sri Vallabhacharya
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।।18.25।।अनुबन्धो दुःखं तदविचार्य मोहाद्यत्कर्म प्रारभ्यते तत्तामसमुदाहृतम्।
Vedantadeshikacharya Venkatanatha
Sanskrit Commentary
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Vedantadeshikacharya Venkatanatha
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।।18.25।।क्षयशब्देन तादात्विकार्थव्ययदोषविवक्षणादुपसर्गशक्त्या चानुबन्धशब्द एतत्सम्बन्धितया पश्चाद्भाविदुःखपर इत्याहकृते कर्मणीति। हिंसा स्वविषया परविषया चेत्यभिप्रायेणतत्र प्राणिपीडेति। सामान्योक्तिः। दैवप्रतिसम्बन्धिनः पौरुषस्य पुरुषसम्बन्धिदृष्टसामग्रीसमवधानरूपतामाहआत्मनः कर्मसमापनसामर्थ्यमिति। भविष्यतोऽनुबन्धादेः साक्षात्कारासम्भवाद्युक्तिभिरागमैश्च अपरामर्शोऽत्रानवेक्षणमित्याहअविमृश्येति। अनुबन्धाद्यज्ञानस्य प्रागुक्तत्वात्प्रक्रान्ताकर्तृत्वज्ञानप्रत्यनीकोऽत्र मोहशब्दार्थ इत्याह -- परमपुरुषेति।