O Kṛṣṇa, maintainer of the people, I have heard by disciplic succession that those whose family traditions are destroyed dwell always in hell.

On account of these evils of the family-ruiners that cause the intermixture of castes, the eternal caste-duties and family-duties fall into disuse.

By the destruction of our lineage and the pollution of blood, ancient class traditions and family purity alike perish.

1.44 Nihatya etc. upto anususruma. Sin alone is the agent in the act of slaying these desperadoes. Therefore here the idea is this : These ememies of ours have been slain, i.e., have been take possession of, by sin. Sin would come to us also after slaying them. Sin in this context is the disregard, on account of greed etc., to the injurious conseences like the ruination of the family and the like. That is why Arjuna makes a specific mention of the [ruin of the] family etc., and of its duties in the passage 'How by slaying my own kinsmen etc'. The act of slaying, undertaken with an individualizing idea about its result, and with a particularizing idea about the person to be slain, is a great sin. To say this very thing precisely and to indicate the intensity of his own agony, Arjuna says only to himself [see next sloka]:

- 1.47 Arjuna said - Sanjaya said Sanjaya continued: The high-minded Arjuna, extremely kind, deeply friendly, and supremely righteous, having brothers like himself, though repeatedly deceived by the treacherous attempts of your people like burning in the lac-house etc., and therefore fit to be killed by him with the help of the Supreme Person, nevertheless said, 'I will not fight.' He felt weak, overcome as he was by his love and extreme compassion for his relatives. He was also filled with fear, not knowing what was righteous and what unrighteous. His mind was tortured by grief, because of the thought of future separation from his relations. So he threw away his bow and arrow and sat on the chariot as if to fast to death.

Sri Sankaracharya did not comment on this sloka. The commentary starts from 2.10.

By the sins of the clan-destroyers who bring about inter-mixture of classes, the ancient traditions of the clan and class are destroyed.

Due to these misdeeds of the ruiners of the family, which cause intermingling of castes, the traditional rites and duties of the castes and families become destroyed.

By these evil deeds of the destroyers of the family, which cause confusion of castes, the eternal religious rites of the caste and the family are destroyed.

Arjuna bases his argument not on his own personal experience, but on what he has heard from the authorities. That is the way of receiving real knowledge. One cannot reach the real point of factual knowledge without being helped by the right person who is already established in that knowledge. There is a system in the varṇāśrama institution by which before death one has to undergo the process of atonement for his sinful activities. One who is always engaged in sinful activities must utilize the process of atonement, called prāyaścitta. Without doing so, one surely will be transferred to hellish planets to undergo miserable lives as the result of sinful activities.

दोषैः by evil deeds? एतैः (by) these? कुलघ्नानाम् of the family destroyers? वर्णसङ्करकारकैः causing intermingling of castes? उत्साद्यन्ते are destroyed? जातिधर्माः religious rites of the caste? कुलधर्माः family religious rites? च and? शाश्वताः eternal.No Commentary.

।।1.43।।Sri Sankaracharya did not comment on this sloka.

।।1.43।। इन वर्णसंकर पैदा करनेवाले दोषोंसे कुलघातियों के सदा से चलते आये कुलधर्म और जातिधर्म नष्ट हो जाते हैं।

।।1.43।।इन वर्णसंकर कारक दोषों से कुलघाती दोषों से सनातन कुलधर्म और जातिधर्म नष्ट हो जाते हैं।

।।1.43।। पूर्व श्लोक की टीका का अर्थ अर्जुन के इस वाक्य से और अधिक स्पष्ट हो जाता है। जैसा कि हमने देखा धर्म का अर्थ है भारतीय आध्यात्मिक संस्कृति जिसका प्रशिक्षण प्रत्येक घर में ही प्रारम्भ से मिलता था। अर्जुन का यह भय कि इस गृहयुद्ध से जातिधर्म व कुलधर्म नष्ट हो जायेंगे सामान्य ज्ञान की बात है। यह सुविदित है कि प्रत्येक युद्ध के बाद समाज में नैतिक और सांस्कृतिक मूल्यों का सहसा कितना पतन होने लगता है। अनैतिकता और छलकपट की प्रवृत्तियों के नीचे दबा हाँफ रहा आज का युग उपरोक्त तथ्य का ज्वलंत उदाहरण है। युद्ध के बाद न केवल लंगड़े लूलों की संख्या बढ़ती है वरन् उससे भी भयंकर परिणाम मन की गंभीर विकृतियों के रूप में सामने आते हैं।इन श्लोकों में हम अर्जुन को संसार के सर्वप्रथम युद्धविरोधी व्यक्ति के रूप में पाते हैं। इन अनुच्छेदों में वह शान्ति प्रिय लोगों के लिये सार्वकालिक तर्कों की एक सुन्दर शृंखला भेंट करता है।

।।1.43।। व्याख्या--'दोषैरेतैः कुलघ्नानाम् ৷৷. कुलधर्माश्च शाश्वताः'--युद्धमें कुलका क्षय होनेसे कुलके साथ चलते आये कुलधर्मोंका भी नाश हो जाता है। कुलधर्मोंके नाशके कुलमें अधर्मकी वृद्धि हो जाती है। अधर्मकी वृद्धिसे स्त्रियाँ दूषित हो जाती हैं। स्त्रियोंके दूषित होनेसे वर्णसंकर पैदा हो जाते हैं। इस तरह इन वर्णसंकर पैदा करनेवाले दोषोंसे कुलका नाश करनेवालोंके जातिधर्म (वर्णधर्म) नष्ट हो जाते हैं।कुलधर्म और जातिधर्म क्या हैं एक ही जातिमें एक कुलकी जो अपनी अलग-अलग परम्पराएँ हैं, अलग-अलग मर्यादाएँ हैं, अलग-अलग आचरण हैं, वे सभी उस कुलके 'कुलधर्म' कहलाते हैं। एक ही जातिके सम्पूर्ण कुलोंके समुदायको लेकर जो धर्म कहे जाते हैं, वे सभी जातिधर्म अर्थात् वर्णधर्म कहलाते हैं जो कि सामान्य धर्म हैं और शास्त्रविधिसे नियत हैं। इन कुलधर्मोंका और जातिधर्मोंका आचरण न होनेसे ये धर्म नष्ट हो जाते हैं।

।।1.35 1.44।।निहत्येत्यादि। आततायिनां हनने पापमेव कर्तृ। अतोऽयमर्थः पापेन तावदेतेऽस्मच्छत्रवो हताः परतन्त्रीकृताः। तांश्च निहत्यास्मानपि पापमाश्रयेत् (S omits पापम्)। पापमत्र लोभादिवशात् (S लोभवशात्) कुलक्षयादिदोषादर्शनम् (S दोषदर्शनम्)। अत एव कुलादिधर्माणामुपक्षेपं (K कुलक्षयादि N क्षेपकम्) करोति स्वजनं हि कथमित्यादिना।

।।1.43।।किञ्च जातिधर्मेषु कुलधर्मेषु चोत्सन्नेषु तत्तद्धर्मवर्जितानां मनुष्याणामनधिकृतानां नरकपतनध्रौव्यादनर्थकरमिदमेव हेयमित्याह  उत्सन्नेति।  यथोक्तानां मनुष्याणां नरकपातस्यावश्यकत्वे प्रमाणमाह  इत्यनुशुश्रुमेति।

।।1.43।।कुलघ्नानामेतैरुक्तैर्दोषैर्वर्णसंकरस्य कारकैर्हेतुभिः जातिप्रयुक्ता धर्माः कुलप्रयुक्ताश्च धर्माः सर्वे शाश्वताश्चिरन्तनाः समुत्साद्यन्ते उत्सन्ना विनष्टाः क्रियन्ते।

।।1.43।।Sri Jayatirtha did not comment on this sloka. The commentary starts from 2.11.

।।1.43।।Sri Madhvacharya did not comment on this sloka. The commentary starts from 2.11.

।।1.43।।ततश्च प्रेतत्वपरावृत्तिकारणाभावान्नरके एव केवलं निरन्तरं वासो भवति ध्रुवमित्यनुशुश्रुमेत्याचार्याणां मुखाद्वयं श्रुतवन्तो न स्वाभ्यूहेन कल्पयाम इति पूर्वोक्तस्यैव दृढीकरणम्।

।। 1.43एतदेव विवृणोति द्वाभ्याम्  दोषैरिति।

।।1.43।।किञ्च कुलघ्नानां तु नरको भवत्येवान्न किं वाच्यम् यतस्तत्सम्बन्धात्सर्वत्रैव भूमौ धर्मनासो भवतीत्याह दोषैरेतैरिति। दोषैरेतैर्वर्णसङ्करकारकैरेतैः कुलघ्नानां दोषैर्जातिधर्माः शाश्वताः कुलधर्माश्च उत्साद्यन्ते लुप्यन्त इत्यर्थः। चकारेणाश्रमादिधर्माश्च परिगृह्यन्ते।

।।1.43।।अर्जुन उवाच संजय उवाच स तु पार्थो महामनाः परमकारुणिको दीर्घबन्धुः परमधार्मिकः सभ्रातृको भवद्भिः अतिघोरैः मारणैः जतुगृहादिभिः असकृद् वञ्चितः अपि परमपुरुषसहायः अपि हनिष्यमाणान् भवदीयान् विलोक्य बन्धुस्नेहेन परमया च कृपया धर्माधर्मभयेन च अतिमात्रस्विन्नसर्वगात्रः सर्वथा अहं न योत्स्यामि इति उक्त्वा बन्धुविश्लेषजनितशोकसंविग्नमानसः सशरं चापं विसृज्य रथोपस्थे उपाविशत्।

Sri Sankaracharya did not comment on this sloka. The commentary starts from 2.10.

।।1.43।।No commentary.

।।1.43 1.44।।Sri Vallabhacharya did not comment on this sloka.

।।1.43।।No commentary.